Mental illness Essay Example for Free

Mental illness Essay Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper, relays to the reader something more than a simple story of a woman at the mercy of the limited medical knowledge in the late 1800s. Gilman creates a character that expresses real emotions and a psyche that can be examined in the context of modern understanding. The Yellow Wallpaper, written in first person and first published in 1892 in the January edition of the New England Magazine, depicts the downward spiral of depression, loss of control and competence, and feelings of worthlessness that lead to greater depression and the possibility of schizophrenia. The beginning emphasis will be on the interaction and roles of the husband and wife in The Yellow Wallpaper, which are based on the male dominated times of the late 1800s. The main character, a woman whose name is never revealed, tells us of the mental state of mind she is under and how her husband and his brother, both physicians, dismiss it. You see, he does not believe I am sick! And what can one do? If a physician of high standing, and ones own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression a slight hysterical tendency what is one to do? The doctors seem completely unable to admit that there might be more to her condition than just stress and a slight nervous disorder even when a summer in the country and weeks of bed-rest have not helped. It might be thought that it is a simple matter of a loving husband being overprotective of his ill wife, but this assumption is quickly washed away by his arrogant atti tudes, combined with his callous treatment of her that only serve to compound the problem. At first he meant to repaper the room, but afterwards he said that I was letting it get the better of me, and that nothing was worse for a nervous patient than to give way to such fancies. John treats his wife in a manner that gives her reason to doubt herself and her capabilities. Her husband John has explicitly forbidden her to do certain things, although we are never told why; but it can be assumed that it is because of her frailty that some of these activities have been taken away from her. As such being prohibited to work and not being able to contribute to the household as a proper wife and new  mother she begins to feel helpless. So I am absolutely forbidden to work until I am well again. Personally, I disagree with their ideas. Additionally, she has been told not to write: There comes John, and I must put this away he hates to have me write a word. With no creative outlet her mind starts to find things upon which to dwell, things that only she can see. Virtually imprisoned in her bedroom, supposedly to allow her to rest and recover, she slowly starts to go insane. Without compassion or an outlet for her creativity, her mind turns inward and focuses on her now increasingly shrinking universe. She has no say in the location or the decor of her room. I dont like our room a bit. . . But John would [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5u7t0TuAnKU] not hear of it. She is not allowed visitors, It is so discouraging not to have any advice and companionship . . . but he says he would as soon put fireworks in my pillow-case as to let me have those stimulating people about now. In large part because of this oppression, she continues to decline. I dont feel as if it was worthwhile to turn my hand over for anything and Im getting dreadfully fretful and querulous. However by keeping her a prisoner in a room with offensive wallpaper and very little to occupy her mind, John almost forces her to dwell on her psyche. Prison is supposed to be depressing, and she is pretty close to being a prisoner. The story does hint to the fact that John knows he could have done more but simply does not seem to want to be bothered with the effort of such an endeavour for his wife. He never acknowledges that she has a real problem until the end of the story, at which time he fainted. John could have obtained council from someone less personally involved in her case, but the only help he sought was for the condition of the house and the baby. He obtained a nanny to watch over the children while he was away at work each day: It is fortunate Mary is so good with the baby. He also had his sister Jennie take care of the house. She is a perfect and enthusiastic housekeeper. There is one instance, however, when he does talk of taking her to an expert for assistance, John says if I dont pick up faster he shall send me to Weir Mitchell in the fall. Nevertheless she took that as a  threat since Dr. Mitchell was even more domineering than her husband and his brother. Perhaps, if she had been allowed to come and go and do as she pleased her depression might have lifted, I think sometimes that if I were only well enough to write a little it would relieve the press of ideas and rest me. It seems to her that just being able to tell someone how she really feels would have eased her depression, but her husband would not hear of it because of the embarrassing consequences it could bring to the family name. Thus, John has made her a prisoner in their marriage where her opinions are pushed aside, and her self-worthiness questioned. She does have a rebellious spirit in her and the fact that this spirit is being crushed is the final nail towards her insanity. Her desperation is almost like someone being buried alive and screaming knowing that there are people just above but who seem not to hear or care. Her reaction is to seek to prove her husband wrong, John is a physician, and perhaps . . . perhaps that is one reason I do not get well faster . . . While putting on an appearance of submission, in actuality she was frequently rebelling against her husbands orders. She writes when there is nobody around to see her, and she tries to move her bed, but always keeps an eye open for someone coming. As her breakdown approaches she actually locks her husband out of her room, I have locked the door and thrown the key down into the front path. I dont want to go out, and I dont want to have anybody come in, till John comes. I want to astonish him. This forces him to see that he has been wrong, and, since she knew he could not tolerate hysteria, to eventually drive him away. While there is supporting evidence that her husbands treatment of her was a major contributing factor to her madness, the possibility also exists that her madness was caused by an internal illness which, given the level of medical knowledge, her husband was unable to deal with appropriately. As mentioned in the beginning of this essay, Gilman creates a character that has real emotions and a real psyche that impresses upon the reader that she is slowly deteriorating into a mental illness known as schizophrenia (a disintegration of the personality). This illness, however it manifests itself within the personality of someone is usually highlighted through a variety of symptoms. The leading character exhibits these symptoms sporadically throughout the story. To begin with, one of the more obvious of her symptoms is her irrational obsession, displayed by relentless thoughts of and about, the yellow wallpaper that wraps the walls in her room. It is a room that she feels captured by and her obsessions start from the beginning of the story. I never saw a worse paper in my life, she says. It is dull enough to confuse the eye in following, pronounced enough to constantly irritate and provoke study Taken in isolation, this kind of observation might appear to be harmless to the uninformed observer, but as her obsession with the wallpaper grows, so does her dementia. At one point she describes lying on her bed and follow[ing] that pattern about by the hour . . . I determine for the thousandth time that I will follow that pointless pattern to some sort of conclusion. Interconnected with the first symptom of irrational obsession is that of thought processing disorder. This disorder can range in severity from a vague muddiness of thinking to a complete breakdown of ones mental processes. The first real clues that she is having trouble controlling her mental state of being comes into focus when she states, I get unreasonably angry with John sometimes . . . I take pains to control myself before him, at least, and that makes me very tired She tries to discuss her feelings rationally, but this only brings a stern reproachful look at which she gives up and returns to her room. Again her condition is revealed a few pages later when remarking that, It is getting to be a great effort for me to think straight. Soon, other noticeable changes in her mental state start to take shape. She slowly begins to show symptoms of paranoia, yet another unfortunate schizophrenic trait. She speaks of how happy she is that her baby is not exposed to the same torturous existence that she has to endure in her room with the yellow wallpaper. Of course I never mention it to them any more I am too wise, but I keep watch of it all the same Even the mistrust of her caretakers is further evidenced when she says, The fact is I am getting a little afraid of John. He seems very queer sometimes, and even Jennie has an inexplicable look When catching Jennie looking at the yellow wallpaper, she thinks to herself, But I know she was studying that pattern, and I am determined that nobody shall find it out but myself? This type of  paranoia is a firm indication that her psychological state is continuing to deteriorate towards complete schizophrenia. Another in the list of common symptoms of schizophrenia that the protagonist exhibits is hallucination. Of these hallucinations, one is when she sees people walking in the paths that she views from her bedroom window. As her condition worsens, she begins to have other hallucinations, this time focused on the yellow wallpaper itself. This is noticed when she exclaims, At night in any kind of light, in twilight, candlelight, lamplight, and worst of all by moonlight, it [the wallpaper] becomes bars! The outside pattern, I mean, and the woman behind it is as plain as can be. In addition to her mental hallucinations, she starts to also have ones where she can smell things as well, the only thing I can think of that it is like is the colour of the paper! A yellow smell. The climactic stage of her hallucinations comes when she realizes, that woman gets out in the daytime! It is at this point that her deranged thought processes become a coping mechanism to help her deal with her mental state of being. She passes into a full schizophrenic state and transforms from a helpless, self-pitying woman, to one who feels, in her mind at least, that she has broken free of her shackles. She feels that she has gained a sense of control, no matter how false that sense may be, as she says, I dont want to go out, and I dont want to have anybody come in, till John comes. I want to astonish him. Much has changed by the end of the story, so much in fact that in the end it is she who is metaphorically and literally creeping over John, who has fainted after seeing her in a deranged state of being. This is in contrast to their interactions up to this point when it was John who usually dictated and condescended her. The fact that the protagonist in this story is schizophrenic is supported by various bits of evidence. However, the question that remains to be answered is why a diagnosis of schizophrenia is important to interpreting The Yellow Wall-Paper. Schizophrenia is a logical choice in that it explains why the protagonist behaved in the way that she did. For her to overcome her submission to an environment that has sought to oppress her, she had to discard the personality within her that was meek and mild. This is a common defence mechanism of the mind in order to deal with situations it perceives to be uncontrollable. It is quite  possible within the realm of psychological study that the combination of the stress of childbirth, post-natal depression and the mental strain of having to repress her emotions triggered the schizophrenia. This terrible condition may have resulted from the bonds she felt would not allow her to express herself as a human being, mother and wife, a freedom that she so desperately needed. Her slide into madness, as a way to deal with her entrapment, is similar to a caged animal that, when backed into a corner, will fight for its life.

Gender Equity in Education Essay -- Equality Feminism Science Mathemat

Gender Equity in Education Gender equity issues in mathematics and science have been the focus of many educators and researchers for years. Women have often been denied an equal education in math and science for many reasons. Parents and teachers must realize this fact and change their habits wherever necessary. Girls must be given the same opportunity as boys from the beginning, particularly in math and science where girls tend to lag behind. First of all, the term gender equity must be defined. Gender not only includes the concept of sex, but all the social and cultural meanings that go along with being either male or female. Every interaction that takes place is in relation to the sex of those involved in it, therefore sex may be considered central to those interactions. Equity is "justice, impartiality, the giving or desiring to give each person his or her due." Gender equity may then be defined as being free from any kind of discrimination based on sex; males and females considered equal in every possible way (Hilke & Conway-Gerhardt, 1994). Gender equity has been addressed in many schools, articles and books in the past and is still an issue today. One idea that must be considered is the difference that exists between girls and boys in the areas of math and science. Many ideas are involved in the issue of why girls are behind boys in math and science. The first factor is how parents treat their children. Parents have one of the greatest, if not the greatest influence, on their children’s lives and life choices. Their attitudes about such things as traditional jobs for women and treating girls differently than boys when dealing with school will often effect their children, especially their d... ...titt, B.A. (1988). Building Gender Fairness in Schools. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. 4. The Mid-Atlantic Equity Consortium. (2000). Beyond Title IX: Gender Equity Issues in Schools. Retrieved March 20, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.maec.org/beyond.html. 5. Advocates for Women in Science, Engineering and Mathematics. Gender Equity. Retrieved March 21, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.awsem.com/gnature.html. 6. University Libraries, University of Iowa. (1998). Overview of Title IX. Retrieved March 20, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://bailiwick.lib.uiowa.edu/ge/Title_IX.html 7. Salomone, R.C. (1997, October 8). Sometimes ‘Equal’ Means ‘Different’. Education Week. Retrieved March 20, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.edweek.org/ew/1997/06salom.h17.

Coraline a Wizard of Earthsea the Sense of Self Essay

If you see a wallet on the ground and discover there is an enormous amount of money in it, what would you do? Do you think you’d return it, or possibly keep the money for yourself? How would you feel about it emotionally afterward? For the sake of an argument let us say you would keep the money. How would you then feel if someone you hate also had the same circumstance happen to them? Would you feel like them keeping the money would further prove why you dislike that person? Did you not also keep the money yourself? In the book Psychoanalysis Terry Eagleton states that â€Å"Lacan permits us to explore the relations between the unconscious and human society†¦ the unconscious is not some kind of†¦ private region ‘inside’ us, but an effect of our relations with one another†(Eagleton 150). The unconscious is part of your â€Å"self† and can be negative or positive; the negative side that we produce is part of our ego. Ego is defined as â€Å"the complex factor to which all conscious contents are related† the ego is only one half of a whole and that whole is the â€Å"self† (Jung 139). Our ego is broken into three sections and the section most apparent in this case is the shadow. The reason why your peer keeping the money creates resentment in you is because of the shadow, it is a part of you that you keep in your unconscious, a part you don’t like and when it is revealed to you through someone else you exchange the inward hatred and replace it with outward disdain for the person that has committed the act. Self is best described as the combination of your conscious and unconscious becoming one in a balanced state. In Coraline by Neil Gaimen and A Wizard of Earthsea by Ursula K. Le Guin the shadow becomes a physical thing, an actual entity. The genre itself, fantasy, has its own identity crisis which further adds to the lack of self in the novels. This should not make these stories any less real, the premise of both stories, of battling the shadow and overcoming the lack of identity to find the self is still a very real thing as explained by J.R.R. Tolkien â€Å"fairystories deal largely†¦ with simple or fundamental things, untouched by fantasy, but these simplicities are made all the more luminous by their setting† (Tolkien 20). The self being fragmented by not knowing one’s unconscious is a recurring theme in both stories. The shadow becoming and entity in the stories further explains the concept of your conscious latching on to an outward vessel to express disdain for. The conscious and unconscious meld together to form one’s identity, the conscious mind uses one’s life experiences and natural behavior as an identifier while the unconscious mind creates the ego and the shadow, both of which create the idea of self. In order to gain an identity you much overcome and accept your shadow as part of you, then and only then will you truly discover your â€Å"self†. In Coraline a lonely and ignored little girl is an only child of two, negligent, parents. She has just moved into a new house and while exploring her new home she finds a door which sometimes, and progressively more while the story continues, leads her into an alternate world where her desire for excitement is fulfilled. While in this world the narrator states, â€Å"There were all sorts of remarkable things in there she’d never seen before†¦ this is more like it, thought Coraline† (Gaimen 30). This is Coraline’s conscious self, her excitement, her explorer, the one that doesn’t mind a new world, a girl who accept the oddities just so that she can discover all of them herself. This world was created by the other mother, a witch, who at this point has not revealed herself to Coraline as a soul consuming entity. Her brand new home put up an image of perfection that clouded her judgment. These illusions created by the other mother make it harder for Coraline to discover herself because she is only seeing what the other mother is allowing her to see through the filter of Coraline’s conscious. Jung states that â€Å"The more projections are thrust in between the subject and the environment [the other world in Coraline’s case], the harder it is for the ego to see through its illusions† (Jung 147). Because of this, Coraline’s newly found freedom into the other world is nothing more than an attempt by the other mother to keep her in the dark while thinking she is in control. This false sense of security doesn’t allow for Coraline to discover her own self. The main plot point of the story is the more Coraline realizes she’s being held back and the more she feels her sense of self coming to fruition the more the illusions put in front of her begin to dwindle until the world is revealed to her for what it really is. Although it is the other mother’s world and she created it, it is the fact that Coraline hasn’t come to terms with her shadow or better yet hasn’t been forced to face it that allows her to succumb to the illusion, â€Å"it is an unconscious factor [the shadow] which spins the illusions that veil [the] world† (Jung 147). As Jung states here, the shadow, and this other world that has been created is her unconscious being warped through the eyes of the other mother, and her warped vision is the veil that the world hides beneath. Coraline’s conscious mind is her adventurous side â€Å"her first two weeks in the house [were spent] exploring the garden and the grounds† this is the basis of the other world, a place full of wonder and excitement, a place full of adventure (Gaimen 6). The shadow that Coraline must face is her fear. Coraline’s conversation with her guardian, the cat, is about her confusion of bravery and being naive. Coraline thinks that she is very brave without knowing what bravery actually is. She tells the story of her father who gets stung by a nest of hornet’s and in the process discovers true bravery, which she embodies as her father going back for his glasses, â€Å"it wasn’t brave because he wasn’t scared†¦ going back again to get his glasses, then he knew the wasp were there, when he was really scared. That was brave†¦ when you’re scared and you still do it anyway, that’s brave† (Gaimen 58-59). Once she goes through this point the world shifts for her, she sees everything for its eerie similarities of the real world but with a malicious twist. The final proof of the discovery of self in Coraline is the fact that once everything is said and done she goes back to her life exactly the way it was. Her parents still pay no mind to her and her life is just as dull now as it was when the story started but her perspective changed. She is no longer oppressed by her status because she defeats the other mother and overcomes her shadow, becoming whole. She is complete, by learning, understanding, and overcoming her unconscious she finds her â€Å"self†. The beginning of her journey is much the same as Ged in A Wizard of Earthsea, looking for her self and being too naive to find it. Ged is a boy who discovers his divine talent for witchcraft at an early age. From the moment that he saves his village from being decimated by savages he was told that he would be a great and powerful wizard by one of the great wizards, Ogion, â€Å"I send you one who will be greatest of the wizards of Gont† (Le Guin 48). This creates Ged’s conscious self, which is a hero complex, thinking that he can do whatever he wishes without consequence. Ged although very powerful is very arrogant and prideful, in an attempt to impress a women he learns to summon a dark spirit from the dead that almost kills him. He once again out of anger and pride summons the spirit of the dead in a competition of strength with a boy, jasper, one year his senior. The shadow is shown to him in many forms, these forms are of his character flaws, â€Å"Like a clot of black shadow, quick and hideous†¦ it was like a black beast, the size of a young child† the young child reflecting back on him when he first revealed himself to the darkness, while the beast is Ged’s vengeful personality taking shape (Le Guin 85). The shadow was born out of Ged’s arrogance, pride and narcissism. He constantly becomes angry at himself for not being stronger and as he succumbs to his anger the shadow becomes stronger, â€Å"it rankled at his heart he should die, spitted on a Kargish lance, while still a boy†¦ raged at his weakness, for he knew his strength† (Le Guin 11). His fear and his constant flaws give the shadow its strength putting those he knows in danger and further hiding his self from him. As Ged tries to run away for the last time the shadow manages to kill Ged’s pet. This is the last straw for Ged and he, as Coraline did, discovers his unconscious, his identity and seeks out to defeat the shadow. He begins to chase the shadow and becomes stronger from it, facing his inner demons and overcoming his fear. Ged learns of the connection he has with the shadow in order to defeat it, â€Å"it wills to work evil through you. The power you had to call it gives it power over you: you are connected. It is the shadow of your arrogance, the shadow of your ignorance, the shadow you cast. Has a shadow a name† (Le Guin)? By being told this and through all the trials Ged faces he becomes humble and learns his way through the barriers he has put up on his darkness. Through the hunt Ged finally realizes what the shadow is and even though it has his misguided qualities it has brought out the good qualities in him. Ged finally spoke the shadows name and the shadow repeated it, Ged and the shadow became one and Ged became one with his unconscious and becomes aware of his self, â€Å"I am whole, I am free† (Le Guin). Coraline and Ged went through hardships in order to become one. Coraline learned true bravery and defeated her other mother and though her life did not change she accept herself and her life for what it was. Ged through his hardship lost his arrogance, his pride, his ignorance and actually physically became one with his shadow. Through the hunt of their shadow they found themselves. They stopped running away from who they always were and just embraced and learned to become what they were trying to run away from. Coraline’s ignorance and Ged’s pride were defeated by the hunt for their unconscious. Their true enemy was themselves and the only thing that could defeat that was their new found sense of â€Å"self†.

A Profile on Canada - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1197 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Geography Essay Type Narrative essay Level High school Did you like this example? Canada profile: Full name: Canada Population: 34.7 million (UN, 2012) Capital: Ottawa Largest city: Toronto Area: 9.9 million sq km (3.8 million sq miles) Major languages: English, French (both official) Major religion: Christianity Life expectancy: 79 years (men), 83 years (women) (UN) Monetary unit: 1 Canadian dollar = 100 cents Main exports: Machinery and equipment, automotive products, metals and plastics, forestry products, agricultural and fishing products, energy products GNI per capita: US $45,550 (World Bank, 2011) Canada was tenanted by Aboriginal peoples for thousands of year with diverse cultures and some major linguistic group. (Trevor W. Harrison, John W. Friesen; Trevor Harrison; John W. Friesen, 2010). Beginning of 15th century European traders, particularly French and British expeditions; missionaries, soldiers and colonists sailed to Canada and highly altered the inherent lifestyle of native. However, Aboriginals and Europeans shaped a strong socio economic, religious and cultural bonds in the first 200 years of cohabitation which placed the foundations of Canada [8]. Constitution Act, 1867 combined three colonies into a one country named Canada within British Empire [9]. In the same year, Sir John Alexander Macdonald, turn into Canadaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s first Prime Minister who is best known as the Father of Confederation [8]. As per land area Canada is now the second largest country in the world. Approximately 90% of people of Canada live within 200km of the border with the U SA [1]. Canada encompasses with 10 provinces (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan) and 3 territories (Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon) [14] Cultural Environment: Canada is usually considered as a very progressive, diverse, and multicultural country. (Anne-Marie Mooney Cotter, 2011, p. 176). Like many other country, Canadian culture is embrace with its historical background, geographical factors and political system. Value: Canadian values express as freedom, respect for religious and cultural differences and pledge to social justice. Canadian values include: Equalityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  respect everyoneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rights. Governments must treat everyone with equal right and respect. Respect for cultural differencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  understanding and appreciation of all different cultures, norms and traditions of all, either they were born in Canada or came here from another part of the world. Freedomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ freedom of thought, freedom of speech, freedom of religion and freedom of peaceful association. Peaceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ non-violent society and international role as peacekeepers. Law and orderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ respectful to democratic decision and respectful to law and order [10] Language: English and French are the mother language of 56.9% and 21.3% respectively, although usages of French language declining steadily by Canadians and new immigrants. More than 85% of Canadians have working knowledge of English, on the other hand only 30.1% have a working knowledge of French. [3] Some of the most common non official first languages are Chinese (1,072,555); Punjabi (430,705); Spanish (410,670); German (409,200); and Italian (407,490) [13] FIG: language graph of Canada Religion: In terms of religious stand, Canada is highly diverse. As per Canadian census report, 2011 population count 33,121,175 ind ividuals of whom 67.3% are Christians, Around 23.9% of state no religious attachment, Islam (3.2%), Hinduism (1.5%), Sikhism (1.4%) Buddhism (1.1%) and Judaism (1.0%) [11]. Canadian cuisine / Food: Canadian cuisine varies extensively depending on the regions of the country. Earliest traditional food of Canada came from First Nations, English, Scottish and French roots [5]. According to an unofficial study by the Globe and Mail directed through Facebook from collected comment, users well-thought-out the following to be the Canadian National dish. (Allemang, John, 2010) 1.Poutine (51%) 2.Montreal-style bagels (14%) 3.Salmon jerky (dried smoked salmon) (11%) 4.Perogy (10%) 5.Ketchup chips (7%) 6.Nova Scotian Donair (4%) 7.California roll (1%) Canadian cultural events: Largest by attendance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Montreal International Jazz Festival (Montreal) 2.5 million à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Winterlude (Ottawa) 1.6 million à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬  ¢ Celebration of Light (Vancouver) 1.6 million à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Just For Laughs (Montreal) 1.5 million à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Canadian National Exhibition (Toronto) 1.3 million Jason (2009) (Buckland Jason, 2009, Money.ca.msn.com) Political and Legal Environment: Political environment of Canada established in some extent as a mirror image of North American and European politics, which emphasizes constitutional law, freedom of religion, liberty, and regional independence. Peace, order, and good government are the specified goals of the Canadian government. [15] Canada government known as federal parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy. The Prime Minister of Canada is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and head of government. (Stephen, 2007) Legal system: English common law for all matters within federal jurisdiction and in all provinces and territories except Quebec, which is based on the civil law. [15] Monarchy: Head of s tate: Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (since February 6, 1952). [15] Viceroy: MichaÃÆ' «lle Jean, Governor General of Canada (since September 27, 2005). [15] Executive Power: Head of government: Prime Minister Stephen Harper (since February 6, 2006). [15] Cabinet: Ministers selected by Prime Minister and appointed by the Governor General to lead different ministries and agencies, generally with regional representation. [15] Elections: The monarchy is hereditary. The Governor General is chosen by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister for a non-specific term, though it is traditionally around five years. Following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons is usually designated by the Governor General to become Prime Minister. [15] Legislative Power: The bicameral Parliament of Canada consists of three parts: the monarch, the Senate, and the House of Commons. Currently, the Senate, frequently described as providing regiona l representation, has 105 members appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister to serve until age 75. The House of Commons currently has 308 members elected in single-member districts in a plurality voting system. [15] Judiciary Power: The highest court in Canada is the Supreme Court of Canada. It is the final court of appeal in the justice system. The court is composed of nine judges, eight Puisne Justices and the Chief Justice of Canada. Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada are appointed by the Governor in Council [15] Political parties: In Canada major political parties are Conservative Party, Liberal Party, Green Party, Le Bloc Quebecois, and New Democratic Party [16] Reference: URL: 1 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-16841111 2 https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Culture_of_Canada.html 3 https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/lang/Pages/highlight.cfm?TabID=1Lang=EAsc=0PRCode=01 OrderBy=2View=1tableID=401queryID=1Age=1#TableSummary 4 https://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/demo11a-eng.html 5 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_cuisine 6 https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/we-like-our-symbols-rooted-in-the-past-and-in-quebec/article1627365/ 7 https://money.ca.msn.com/savings-debt/gallery/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=24740236page=1 8 https://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/publications/discover/section-06.asp 9 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_Day 10 https://www.durhamimmigration.ca/creating community/Pages/WhatareCanadianValues.aspx 11 https://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130508/dq130508b-eng.htm?HPA 12 https://canadaonline.about.com/od/statistics/a/languages-canada-2011-census.htm 13 https://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/demo11a-eng.htm 14 https://canada-brittanyleefries.blogspot.ca/2009/11/political-legal-and-regulatory.html 15 https://www.canadafaq.ca/what+are+the+mai n+political+parties+in+canada/ Authors: Anne-Marie Mooney Cotter (2011). Culture clash: an international legal perspective on ethnic discrimination. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 176 Trevor W. Harrison, John W. Friesen; Trevor Harrison; John W. Friesen (2010). Canadian Society in the Twenty-first Century: An Historical Sociological Approach. Canadian Scholarsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Press. p. 186. Anne-Marie Mooney Cotter, 2011, p. 176 Buckland, Jason (2009-02-14). 8. Quebec Winter Carnival Biggest festivals in Canada. Money.ca.msn.com. Retrieved 2012-07-12 Stephen (2007). Canadian Democracy: An Introduction (5 ed.). Don Mills: Oxford University Press. pp. 233à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"234. Articles: Buckland, Jason (2009-02-14). 8. Quebec Winter Carnival Biggest festivals in Canada. Money.ca.msn.com. Retrieved 2012-07-12 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Profile on Canada" essay for you Create order